Understanding Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) in Disability Claims

What is Residual Functional Capacity (RFC)?

The Social Security Administration (SSA) is required to assess the impact of a claimant’s severe physical or mental illness or injury on their ability to work. If these impairments do not meet or equal a listing at step three of the five-step sequential analysis, the SSA will then determine the claimant’s residual functional capacity (RFC). This applies whether you apply for Social Security Disability Insurance benefits (SSD, SSDI, or DIB) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI).

The Importance of RFC

A disability claimant’s RFC is the maximum amount of work they can perform on a regular, ongoing basis, which equates to a forty-hour workweek or an equivalent schedule. RFC assessments include both exertional and nonexertional limitations and may encompass physical or mental restrictions that affect the person’s capacity to carry out basic work activities.

Mental Work Demands and Limitations

To evaluate mental work capabilities, SSA rulings have identified basic mental work demands, especially for unskilled work. These demands include abilities such as carrying out, understanding, and remembering simple instructions, and responding appropriately to supervision, coworkers, usual work situations, and changes in a routine work setting.

Detailed RFC for Complex Cases

In cases where limitations preclude complete performance of work activities, a more detailed mental RFC is required. Especially at the administrative law judge (ALJ) level, the SSA uses a detailed mental RFC form for Disability Determination Services (DDS) to evaluate abilities such as understanding simple instructions and maintaining attention over extended periods. Claimants must also demonstrate the capacity to make simple work-related decisions, maintain appropriate behavior, and respond to changes in work settings or stress.

Legal Guidance for Claimants

If a person’s impairment severely affects any of these abilities, they may be deemed eligible for disability benefits. Given the complexity of proving a disability case, it's advisable to consult an attorney with experience in Social Security disability to receive proper guidance and support.